The FP5 is intended to keep their product modern to bring in new users.
Consider that the FP4 came out in 2021 and is supported through 2027. It's 2 years old now, which is fine for people who want to use it. They still have 5 years of life on it.
But if someone is considering ditching their old Pixel 4 which is no longer receiving updates, are they going to want to buy a phone which is already 2 years old? Probably not.
If Fairphone didn't release a new phone until the release cycle of the current one ended then the only option people would have is buying 6 year old phones.
They still have to make regular updates in order to attract new customers. They are banking on a customer base that does not feel the need to upgrade to the latest and greatest every 1-2 years.