For hot/dry there's usually high day/night variation so the trick is often thick materials that don't let heat penetrate for hours. Stone and mud brick are traditional concrete can be good too. Soil does this also. You then want small openings to prevent heat escape and plants or water for evaporative cooling. Traditional middle eastern and north African buildings are great for this.
Hot/wet climates are much harder. Generally you can't keep the temperature out, you can just put up a very broad roof and then encourage wind flow to your body (windows, electric or manual fans). Construction is usually much lighter (timber and steel)
Below is an example of climate analysis with passive strategies overlaid
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aasem-Alabdullatief/pub...