Neoliberalism is a late 20th Century reactionary response in economic ideology against the continued progressive development of the modern mixed economy which generally replaced more pure capitalism from the mid-20th century.
It is neither in itself an economic system, nor is it particularly responsible for prosperity (its responsible mainly for austerity).
I thank you are thinking of the promise of liberalism. Neoliberalism is too new to suggest it lead to the prosperity in history, and it’s hard to point to the society that embraced it that did well especially well with it. However classical liberalism was rooted in g-d. I think modern thinking is rooted in marxist religion