Can you be more specific in your criticism wrt disabled people? It's a lot easier for someone to receive feedback when it's specific, especially when discussing something like a README. It can be helpful to others reading who are on the fence about badges and their ilk, too.
What, specifically, is the issue with the badges concerning accessibility? Most badges I see can be reduced to a div containing two spans and some text, which should be usable with a screen reader. Is there missing alt text, aria attributes, etc?
Re: tests, it comes down to developer culture. It may be acceptable for experimental or alpha/beta versions to not pass tests, live on a separate branch, etc. Distros should be live-testing any packages they ship, too; upstream releases aren't guaranteed to be tested, depending on the upstream you're working with. It's nice to know that the latest commit is actually working without having to double check CI locally. However, tests also aren't created equally. The project author(s) could be learning how to refine their tests, and not actually trust the CI's results (yet).
Can we argue that's sloppy, or that they should've never done that before merging and pushing? Sure. Not sure where it gets us. Actionable feedback and cautionary advice is useful, though.