On some level, all of them do. Programming lives in a grey area between human language and discrete, symbolic logic.
The way in which we get to an "application" is in designing interfaces that look more like the domain, and less like the implementation. If you can define the math you're using symbolically, you can apply it directly to express ideas from, e.g. linear algebra, set theory, graph theory. And libraries exist for all of those things - you can make the interface more convenient with additional syntax and compiler assistance, and you can frame the program in terms of theorem-proving logic(which is the realm of stuff like Coq) which provides an extra degree of assurance that the program does the thing you defined it to do by adding more detail to that definition, but often the problem requirements fit in the realm of "just tell the computer to do things" - and so imperative code is the default, everywhere.
But we can also take concepts like "name", "job", "age", "ethnicity", "gender", and enter them into a computer. And all of those are human ideas, socially constructed and philosophical in some degree. Mathematics doesn't help us express the essence of those ideas, it just tells us of ways to symbolize the tokens involved, which can be made relatively general and flexible but all of which ultimately stem from a predesigned enumeration of options like the codepoints available in UTF-8 or the range of values in a 32-bit integer.
And a lot of the mathematical stuff is subsumed by the social/philosophical in practical application: we agree that the data has some kind of truth to inform us, because it's compatible with our framework for understanding it. And if you have a setup that fits the model of computing, something like taking a sensor that emits numeric values at a regular frequency and processing the output into some kind of signal - then you can program mathematically all throughout. But if you're mostly dealing with human language, you're constantly hammered with interface problems for other reasons.