As someone who found four compiler bugs in three weeks - in a five-nines fault-tolerant OS, yet! - and who found a PostgreSQL optimizer bug within weeks of learning SQL, I think the key to being "that guy" is playing five-whys with every single bug you encounter.

I work with some very talented developers who, when they try something and it doesn't work, try something else. I am fundamentally incapable of that. If it doesn't work, I MUST KNOW WHY. Even if that requires building a debug version of my entire stack, adding all sorts of traces, and wolf-fence debugging until I have a minimal fail case.

It's a real limitation; if I hit an undebuggable brick wall, I have no ability to attack the problem from a different angle. Luckily, there are few things that are fundamentally undebuggable.