We've built www.snaplet.dev to introduce the exact workflow that you're describing. Unfortunately we're PostgreSQL only at the moment.
We give you a serverless PostgreSQL database per branch in your code. [via Neon.tech] Each time you branch your code we grab the latest snapshot of your production database which is de-identified and transformed [Transformations are via TypeScript] and a subset of the original.
If a coworker and yourself are coding against the same branch you're coding against the same database.
Your devs only run a single command `snaplet dev` and all this happens automatically in the background.