Another point is that they do share similarities, which might we might now just describe as being 'modern': They're generally procedual -- you organize your code into modules (not classes) with structs and functions, they generally like static linking, type inference for greater ergonomics, the compiler includes the build system and a packager manager, there's a good formatter.
The above are points for both rust and go compared to C/C++, Python, Java, etc.
So why do I like go? I think mostly it's that it makes some strong engineering trade-offs, trying to get 80% for 20% of the price. That manifests itself in a number of ways.
It's not the fastest language, but neither is it slow.
I really dislike exceptions because there's no documentation for how a function can fail. For this reason I prefer go style errors, which are an improvement on the C error story. Yes it has warts, but it's 80% good enough.
It's a simple language with batteries included. You can generally follow the direction set and be happy. It leads itself to simple, getting-things-done kind of code, rather than being over-abstracted. Being simple also makes for great compile times.