Cutting edge models are quite expensive to train, so it'd be quite possible to restrict them (unfortunately).
Add to that the fact that institutions (including research institutes[0][1] or universities outside US or EU jurisdictions) are likely to continue undertaking the task of training larger in size models, making the fruits of their labor freely accessible, I just do not see a way for centralized enforcement of specific LLM training rules.
[0] https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-40b-instruct
[1] https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/04/12/dolly-first-open-...