1. We assume that people have stable measurable independent properties f1(x1.., t), f2(x1.., t), ...
2. We assume these are modelled by a linear model, f1(t) = ax + b, etc.
3. We assume the parameters (a, b) of this model causally determine `f1` st. each corresponds to an independent cause of `f1`
4. We assume that we have some reliable measurement process, say m, which measures each property producing samples of that a,b: m(f1) = random samples of a,b
5. Then we assume that these samples are representative of the true values, ie., that mean(a samples) = a + random_error
The problem with the field is that (1 - 4) are false -- arguing about 5 is a little like arguing what time a broken clock should be set to.