Literally any fixed-size dialog box ever.

Which seems to still be mostly the norm for apps in any desktop OS for things like preferences/settings dialogs.

There are so many other ways this can happen that it's really not surprising this happens. Like: started 20 years ago with the UI toolkit in English and a junior dev hence fixed size then suddenly got a growing customerbase in another language and slammed on a translation only to realize it would be a pretty large effort to track down and change each label to resize. Or even just: things adjusting size can simply be a big no depending on software (and you'd use truncation+toltip), because one doesn't want to waste space and/or keeps things aligned so it's easier to learn where everything is. Your browser tabs probably don't adjust size to text, just to name one thing.

Alot of UIs just can't deal with the size of a box being resized, so they instead adjust the size of the text, but for languages like Arabic and Japanese this can easily make text unreadable because characters often rely on finer details to be understood