I've only heard of it as tuberculosis in the local media, not sure if health practitioners would call it TB though.
Korean https://storage.googleapis.com/healthinfotranslations-pdfdoc...
Chinese https://www.sfcdcp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Active-ch-...
Hindi https://www.mass.gov/doc/tb-medicine-instructions-hindi/down...
I'd guess familiarity with that abbreviation depends on age. In the 70s TB (and the abbr.) was still fairly common. I grew up in a town with a press. Apparently the paper dust increases the risk for the workers to catch TB. I remember mobile screening units parked in front of that company periodically.
In the 90s my roommate's girlfriend was thought to have caught it (her roommate had a bad cough, probably TB then, but I don't know the details), which earned us both an "invitation" by the ministry of health for a screening. We were ok, she recovered during a stay in a sanatorium over summer (afair, it turned out not to be TB but some kind of embolism), don't know about her roommate.