I've only heard of it as tuberculosis in the local media, not sure if health practitioners would call it TB though.
I'd guess familiarity with that abbreviation depends on age. In the 70s TB (and the abbr.) was still fairly common. I grew up in a town with a press. Apparently the paper dust increases the risk for the workers to catch TB. I remember mobile screening units parked in front of that company periodically.
In the 90s my roommate's girlfriend was thought to have caught it (her roommate had a bad cough, probably TB then, but I don't know the details), which earned us both an "invitation" by the ministry of health for a screening. We were ok, she recovered during a stay in a sanatorium over summer (afair, it turned out not to be TB but some kind of embolism), don't know about her roommate.
Korean https://storage.googleapis.com/healthinfotranslations-pdfdoc...
Chinese https://www.sfcdcp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Active-ch-...
Hindi https://www.mass.gov/doc/tb-medicine-instructions-hindi/down...