Notably none of those things, if they did apply to the art student, are copyright violations. The speed, scale, versatility, and ownership of a machine learning model has no bearing on its ability to violate copyright.
There are many examples. One is face recognition - clearly it is acceptable for individual humans to do this at small scale, but systematic identification of everyone on a street or in a stadium has different implications for society.
(In this case it almost doesn't matter whether the surveillance is performed by humans or machines - it's the scale and systematic nature that changes the equation.)