Works fine in Fortran, R, and Julia. People do pretty complex stuff in these languages and two of them are compiled.
Not really when the code is routinely transcribed from papers, and the ages-old convention throughout mathematics is one-based indexing, both bounds of the interval included. (With the notable exception of Euler’s beta and gamma functions.) Of course, in a paper intended for a human reader the occasional off-by-one error is much less dire than in code, so the author is freer to use a more error-prone convention.
I once had to translate from a one-based paper to zero-based Python code (with the added bonus of different discrete Fourier conventions *shudder*), and it’s remarkably annoying even if the resulting code is more obviously correct than the paper’s original formulas.