That's ... a lot of articles. Is there any article in particular worth checking out?
Knuth's Programming Pearls entries are good reading as well.
> In general, literate programs combine source and documentation in a single file. Literate programming tools then parse the file to produce either readable documentation or compilable source.
http://literateprogramming.com/lpfaq.pdf#page11
By this litmus test, the Go standard library qualifies as literate programming. Document production tools are go doc or godoc. The .go files are themselves already compilable source.
It might be worth checking through the PDF the sister comment to yours linked - http://literateprogramming.com/knuthweb.pdf - you'll see what I mean.