Intel made mistakes and lost its gain and here we are today. Intel has always been a lot more aggressive and risk taken. They might catch up again. It's just a long process.
As to Samsung etc they were never really in the game. They only got remotely competitive by heavy poaching and stealing of trade secrets from TSMC / Intel (and merging IBM fabs).
At the end of the day it's not just ASML machines (that take forever to deliver). It's a huge investment.