Once you account for the initial purchase price, insurance, fuel, maintenance, and parking, $10K/year on average is probably an
underestimate.
That doesn't even account for increased costs created by auto-centric development, which incentivizes sprawl and makes housing more expensive (eliminating parking minimums can cut monthly rents by $250 per unit because you can fit in a lot more units), roads more expensive, and even simple things like eating out at a restaurant more expensive because you're still paying for all that parking, even if it's baked into the purchase price.
It is certainly possible to have a car for only a few grand a year by buying used cars and doing your own maintenance and repairs on your own, but that comes with the compromise of decreased reliability, and most Americans need a reliable car. My own costs are probably around $5K a year because I drive a 20-year-old diesel VW Jetta, but I also don't need a car on a day-to-day basis because I bike to work.