Lockdowns not so much:
"Overall, our meta-analysis fails to confirm the notion that lockdowns – at least in the spring of 2020 – had a large, significant effect on mortality rates. Studies examining the relationship between lockdown strictness (based on the OxCGRT stringency index) find that the average lockdown in Europe and the United States only reduced COVID-19 mortality by 3.2% compared to the most lenient COVID-19 policy. Shelter-in-place orders (SIPOs) were also ineffective" (p. 58)
[0] - https://sites.krieger.jhu.edu/iae/files/2022/06/A-Systematic...
(I'm not asking about the other negative effects of lockdowns not directly related to the spread of disease, which is obviously also relevant to the broader discussion.)
That's why ventilation works so well, it replaces the air with air that doesn't have the virus in it, then sunlight kills the virus sent outside.
The problem with these sorts of debates is that someone comes along and dumps a reference from a single opinionated, controversial paper that they've seen somewhere and declares that something is the absolute truth.
Here's a reference with quotes from scientists disputing that paper with a lot of links to papers showing a different conclusion.
https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-a-prep...