it isn't like English and something like the The Canterbury Tales
In a past wikipedia rabbit hole I was surprised to recognize and understand some (transliterated) sumerian words! Suddenly being thrown 8000 years in the past is not the catastrophic scenario I was worrying about.
(native arabic speaker here)
I think the big difference with English (and European vernacular at large) is that spelling was standardized surprisingly late, no earlier than the the 16th century, but with many languages several hundred years later. Before that you had the weird-looking "Thys boke is myne"-style spelling.
Sounds weird when you point it out, but the first English dictionary (the "Table Alphabeticall") was printed around the same time Shakespeare died.