That's how science works. They tried to reduce uncertainty, they couldn't, now they have to try something else.

> What conclusions medical professional would derive from that?

More research. Which is exactly what they plead for in their paper.

This is a constant problem in studying the effects of medicine. For years we've simply ignored women's bodies (default man) in many studies but we're increasingly seeing reasons why that's not such a good idea.

Really recommend the book Invisible Women by Caroline Criado Perez to anyone interested in this and the problems that stem from it for women.