I think you misread the article. What they did was:

1. Use Photoshop to blur a photo of the moon, destroying detail

2. Use a Samsung camera to take a photo of the blurred photo of the moon

3. The camera somehow emits a crisp photo of the moon, including the detail that was destroyed in step 1

It seems like the camera AI detected 'this is a photo of the moon', and used its knowledge of what the moon looks like to add the detail back in. Where else could the camera have gotten the detail from?