It was profitable. He caused it to hurtle toward bankruptcy.
https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/mje/2022/12/21/twitter-and-its-f...:
> Twitter has been operating at a massive loss for years, failing to book an annual profit since 2019 (Mauer, 2022). For eight out of the last ten years, the company has posted a loss.
https://www.netcials.com/financial-net-profit-year-quarter-u...
Twitter’s underlying business was already profitable.
He almost certainly caused some advertisers to leave, but as a reference snapchat had similar decreases in advertising spend, so its hard to argue this is all Musk and not considerably due to economic conditions and apple's privacy changes
I would not be surprised if he could have offered the api $420/mo and 100x more apps were willing and/or able to pay.