If you ever interact with the US banking system, or have any impact on US persons or businesses, the US views itself as having jurisdiction.
https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/04/world/china-overseas-poli...
Countries are supposed to have a monopoly on the use of force within their borders. Lending it out is good international relations. Not that it's never acceptable to violate that - The Takedown of Bin Laden was a law enforcement action taken overseas by the US military in a country that was not informed until after it was on it's way out.
No, extradition is good international relations, but there the country retains its territorial monopoly on force.
> Not that it's never acceptable to violate [sovereignty].
What would be different about a scenario where Russia snuck commandos into the US to "law enforcement action" some Ukrainians? Nothing, because it's not acceptable, it's simply "might makes right."
(That said, bin Laden was horrible and Ukraine is awesome.)
I don't see how international agreed upon rules, eg. Regarding exchange, extradition and payment is equal to claiming jurisdiction.
Additionally eg. SWIFT is European and not from the US.
I'm giving you an example of a country that actually acts like it has jurisdiction everywhere around the world. Setting up police stations in secret, ...
As a better example of "claiming jurisdiction".