That is very strange. I assume you’re not using the same hardware in your home computer. Without knowing your setup, it’s hard to say anything. Are you using the same BLAS and LAPACK libraries? You can check with `sessionInfo()`.
https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/drop-in-acceleration-gnu-o...
What sibling says about compiling R on your work computer so that it can make full use of your CPU can help too. I am curious if that closes the performance gap for you.
I've run Ubuntu on various hardware and in VM's since 2006 running a wide variety of applications, there are no performance issues I've seen. Perhaps R is different to all other software I've run (which is a lot).