> There is no such thing in any deals with China
Tell that to Lithuania ( delisted as a country by China), Taiwan ( a "province"), Tibet ( invaded), Hong Kong ( taken over), ...
Concerning debt trap. Are you aware that Africa is paying off debt for mostly Chinese workers/companies/contractors for those failed infrastructure projects? Bringing in almost no employment to Africans.
https://thediplomat.com/2022/03/how-chinas-ambitious-belt-an...
The thing you're forgetting is that China doesn't care about the countries and their inability to pay them back. They are interested in how they are getting paid back.
Eg. Ports in Sri Lanka, Zambia, Nigeria, ...
https://www.africanliberty.org/2018/09/10/like-zambia-sri-la...
Bridge of 3,1 b$ for the Maldives - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52743072
Angola - https://theprint.in/world/angolan-model-viewed-as-early-exam...
I'm willing to wait to see how this all plays out and who is right here.
Are you?
> Angola still owes China more than USD 23 billion, mostly from oil-backed loans. With declining production, this means that most of Angola’s output is going to China, preventing Africa’s second-largest oil producer from selling its major source of income on the open market.
PS. It isn't solely Africa, but also Australia and European countries ( mostly in the east ) already decided that it's better to not be in debt with China ( and they have gotten not pleasant suprises)
https://www.dw.com/en/cracks-appear-in-chinas-new-silk-road/...
PS. Ukraine also had a deal with China, they were even under a nuclear umbrella of China ( lol) during the "one road one belt" project. We can all see how that "protection" turned out.
https://www.wsj.com/articles/under-new-scrutiny-chinas-nucle...
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On top of this, your "links" only name 1 infrastructure project: "the Mombasa railway"...
Dare to do a sanity check?
https://www.voanews.com/a/kenya-wants-to-renegotiate-loans-f...
> "It becomes impossible to be able to pay that loan by revenue that comes from the railways. And even in 50 years, it will not break even if you load the loans to the railways," Murkomen said.
Let's dig a bit deeper in the country.
https://www.wionews.com/world/kenya-discloses-loan-documents...
> any major dispute over the railway would be decided in Beijing
https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/china-may-seize-kenyan-asset...
China is willing to give those countries loans to repay those Chinese loans. But they do have higher interests and shorter repay terms...
Good luck.