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Comment by lisper | Hacker News Reader

> the barrier of entry to sending email on your own is quite a bit above zero

I can attest to this. I ran my own email server with no problem for fifteen years. Then my provider was acquired, and I decided to switch to a different provider, and so the IP address of my server changed for the first time in 15 years. I have not been able to reliably send email since, and I finally threw in the towel and signed up with Fastmail to handle my outgoing email.

The biggest problem is people banning entire blocks of IP addresses. This can give you a bad reputation even if your behavior is stellar. All it takes is for someone using the same hosting provider to be a spammer to get yourself blacklisted.

The whole situation sucks big fat honking weenies.

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Thanks for the data point. That sucks.

I guess generally speaking, federation works well for DNS itself but not so well for email, since the malicious stuff you can do with DNS is greatly limited. Abuse/spam is everywhere, not just email, and the sad part is that providers not only went and rolled their own anti abuse systems, but they also went to great lengths to keep them secret.

Without solving the spam problem, we won’t see decentralized or even federated systems widely popularized for any products which has these incentives. This includes mastodon, Nostr etc. The worst part is that projects can become pretty big before the spam starts, so it kills projects at the worst possible time. I wish the FOSS community came together and focused on finding solutions that work, because decent abuse prevention today is neither easy nor cheap to get right. And going without one is a ticking time bomb.

No, it's not a fundamental problem. It's just laziness on the part of many email providers. My email server has proper SPF records, and so anyone whose email server is configured properly can easily verify that my server is authorized to send email on behalf of my domain(s). But email admins just subscribe to blacklists and follow them blindly. There are a few big players, including Microsoft and AT&T, who just don't care if a few small players get blocked by false positives. (Ironically, despite their tolerance for false positives, they still let through an enormous amount of spam. I know this because my parents have their email on AT&T.)

Spam and forgery aren't the same. I can be 1000% sure that you own the sending domain, that the mail came from an authorized server, etc., but that tells me absolutely nothing about whether I want to read what you're sending. Spammers used to be lazy and not configure the whole stack, so that became a simple heuristic, but these days it's nearly trivial to set up automatic provisioning of new domains and IPs with full SPF+DKIM+DMARC setups, so the big players went back to blacklists and IP reputation.

Spam definitely is a fundamental problem of all open-inbox systems like email.

Yes, that is certainly true, but in this case it is irrelevant because it is my server's IP address that is being banned. I am sending email to people with whom I have been corresponding for years (like my parents) and it is being blocked simply because the IP address of my server changed.

Parent poster here. Assuming malicious actors can easily set up all the fancy acronyms to verify the sender’s identity, how should spam be prevented if not through IP reputation (and whatever else they have today)? Should the reputation apply to the domain name instead? Would that protect against Sybil attacks?

To my knowledge, these systems are proprietary, obscure secret sauce heuristics. My point is that we should find a way to do spam prevention in an open and easy to implement way. Such an algorithm could then be applied to any open-inbox system, not just email.

> Assuming malicious actors can easily set up all the fancy acronyms to verify the sender’s identity

How is a malicious actor going to set up a fake SPF record for my domain without compromising my DNS account?

It makes sense to block a domain even with a correct SPF record. It makes no sense to block an IP with a correct SPF record for a domain that you already trust. And, like I said, I'm getting bounced mail from people I've been corresponding with for years, so I know the recipient email providers do trust the domain. They're just being stupid with IP black listing.

Just to be clear: Due to email forwarding, having an SPF record isn't enough for domain authentication; you also need DKIM and DMARC. Mailbox providers want to deliver emails that people actually want to get, so not relying only on SPF records is a reasonable policy. But yes, thanks to domain authentication, we should be able to move away from IP reputation to domain reputation – at least in theory.

And setting up DMARC opens you up to an entirely new type of spam: corporate networks emailing you every time someone spoofs you. I had it set up for a short time before I quickly turned it back off.

For one thing, you can configure a DMARC policy without a reporting address. For another thing, you can use third-party services, such as https://dmarc.postmarkapp.com/, to aggregate DMARC reports for you (if you're fine with the privacy implications of that).

You can also just set up DMARC without a reporting endpoint. But DMARC aggregate reports are very useful, so I wouldn't recommend using DMARC without reporting. Also, you do not receive a report 'every time someone spoofs you', but rather periodically, at an interval which you can even configure.

That said, DMARC aggregate reports are not supposed to be human readable. You don't want to set the reporting endpoint to your personal inbox. You need a DMARC aggregation tool, such as included in https://www.mailhardener.com to process them. (full disclosure: I work there)

I have some procmail rules set up that sends most of that stuff to a different mailbox that I never look at.

See my response here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34869796

IMO the mail spam problem is overstated. For technically inclinded people, sorting through the trash does not take a significant amount of time (at least it doesn't for me) and people don't complain as much about physical mail spam or ad spam being everywhere - or at least demand laws going after the spammers instead of dropping mail based on heuristics.

As someone who also tries to run his own mail server, this makes me laugh ;)

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