American prisons are in no way a "clean break with bad influences". The entire system is basically set up how it'd be if you asked someone to make sure recidivism was high as possible. Long harsh sentences for non-violent crime, low contact with the outside, no real job training, roadblocks for jobs for ex-cons on the outside, stuck with a ton of debt in court fees on release plus a parole system designed to put people back in jail.
To reduce crime you need to either support a community or create opportunity. Instead we starve communities to fund putting people in jail and block them from opportunities once they make it outside.
When I look at peak imprisonment rates it corresponds pretty well to when men are at max pressure to provide for dependents. Most of us wouldn't hurt someone else for our own good even if starving but look your starving kid in the face and the question becomes more difficult and theoretical about morality and risk of getting caught may go out the window.