I'd say China is an obvious candidate. They already have a fair bit of AI infrastructure and tech. Europe, India, and a few other places also could step up. That's where a lot of the AI researchers in Silicon Valley come from. The harm to US companies would only be enormous if anything actually happens. And precisely because of that, it likely won't. These companies can move some serious amounts of lobby power and historically the US doesn't like to constrain its own industry with arbitrary laws. So, this will likely just fizzle out with a nice court ruling.

And good luck filing a court case under US law in Afhanistan. That's not how trade agreements work. They'd be applying Afhan law (i.e. Sharia law as of recent changes of power). In China it's Chinese law. And in Germany it would be German law. All trade agreements govern is the notion that people need to have some notion of law that applies to things like intellectual property and a way to take legal action when they feel their rights have been infringed. But you get to do that under the local law whatever it is and in the local courts. And of course some countries like China have historically not really done more than pay lip service to such notions. Whereas other countries in the EU have strict laws related to e.g. privacy that don't really apply in the US.

Belarus. Haven't you seen the news of this month?