Straight from the dawn of mass manufacturing. No material handing at all-- you just pay some guy ten cents an hour to pick up a part and walk it from one station to another. Each workstation is 1920s-style full manual lathes and mills with hard fixturing. You could ask for material traceability documentation if you wanted to hear a chorus of laughter: the metal on those sprockets appears to be random scrap sheet fresh from the side of the road.
The sprockets in particular could be done with a single progressive stamping press. It would replace the jobs of what appears to be 20 separate people and would cost 100x what they would make in their entire life.