It is possible!
This article been on the HN frontpage at least twice: "A Guide to Recording 660FPS Video On A $6 Raspberry Pi Camera" - https://blog.robertelder.org/recording-660-fps-on-raspberry-...
- Aug 6, 2019 | 103 comments | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20627574
- Dec 27, 2021 | 64 comments | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29703293
Obviously, the resolution is really low (640x64) but for the price, the quality seems quite nice.