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Not 100% sure what's meant in this specific example but as someone who did advent of code a lot, there are truly benefits of an untyped python dictionary over anything in Rust or Java or C++. You can just put None next to your integers without having to wrap in Optional or even worse, a struct.

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Java and C++ don't have type inference.

It would surprise me if Rust isn't smart enough to infer that the type of the dictionary is "Optional<Integer>" or "Integer | None". I haven't used Rust myself, but every language that I've used with type inference and algebraic data types will make this inference on its own.

Recent versions of Java have type inference.

You can't compare Python to something like Rust, Java, or C++. Compare to for example Scala, that would make more sense.

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