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One of the things is a weakening jet stream which has caused all the recent havoc on getting cold polar air come inland.

This is why climate change vs global warming. We’re in for a hell of winters in the US as the jet stream weakens.

It's difficult, like the difference between knowing a car is going crash and being able to estimate how it will look afterward. You can (to some extent) access these models and try them out yourself: https://juliahub.com/ui/Packages/ClimateModels/dFyeI/0.2.15

Is a real concern. Half of Europe is "kissed" by tropical seawater running from the Gulf of Mexico towards Russia. This hot water creates a warmer than expected climate in the coastal areas. Portugal, UK, Denmark, Norway... all is warmer that it should be. If this current stops flowing or is weakened things will suck real fast.