I switched away from lastpass to Bitwarden a while ago, and have changed many of my passwords since then. But I’ll probably rotate most of my passwords anyway, out of an abundance of caution.
This is literally the best case hack scenario.
Why? Because we already know that encrypting something using their strategy is essentially uncrackable.
AES256 is quantum resistant.
The worst case would be silent exfiltration from the LastPass application via malware to steal user master passwords.
In the security game, the crypto is the strongest part, the crypto-system is the weakest part.
However if you take 1M users, as them to set a 12 character password with A-Z, a-z, and at least one digit you'll find an astounding lack of entropy. I believe this is pretty close to LastPass's master password requirements.
If you take the most popular 1M passwords and attack the master password you'll find that you've cracked them. With a 2 generation old GPU and the default iterations of 5000 (like several people mention on this post) you can try 300,000 passwords a second. So 3+ seconds per vault and you'd crack a decent fraction of them.
Second, the top 1M of 6/7/8 character passwords have a statistically higher probably of being the correct password than the top 1M of 62^12 because their distribution function as a percentage of possible instances is narrower. Put another way: the top 7 char password might be used 10 million times, and the 2nd most popular might be 9million, etc. With a 12 char password, the top 1 by nature appears much less frequency because the total possible space is larger and people have to think a little more. Entropy when that has nothing to do with inverse distributions.
Put another way, look at the frequency of the top-1 password as a sum of all instances of all 1M passwords. It is much larger % for smaller passwords than larger. It is much less likely that the top 1M 12-char passwords are as likely to be successful as the top 1M 6/7/8-char passwords.
I just did this for the top 1000 6/7/8 chhar passwords, the top 6 digit password "123456" represents 1.3% of all 1000 6-chars, where as "password" is 0.9% of all 1000 8-char.
A good starting place is https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Passw...
> Second, the top 1M of 6/7/8 character passwords have a statistically higher probably of being the correct password than the top 1M of 62^12 because their distribution function as a percentage of possible instances is narrower.
Not how this works. This would only be true if you were picking passwords randomly out of all possible ones and the attacker knew how long the password. For example, "password" is a more common password than "cat" is (both are terrible of course). It doesn't matter that "password" is longer than "cat".
If you knew how many characters long the password was it might be a different story. But you don't have that information. 012345 being a larger percentage of 6 character passwords than "password" of 8 character passwords means nothing if you don't know what length the password is. After all, 100% of passwords "af64nh8" are "af64nh8", but that means nothing unless you know the password you are attacking falls into that class.
One of the summaries claimed that 3% of the cracked passwords were 12 characters long (some 1.9M). 48% of the cracked passwords were lower case and numbers.
Often a thread that mentions the compromise/leak also mentions the newest "batch" that includes the new entries. The last one I tracked was RockYou2021.txt, some 100GB, around 10GB compressed. Just use your favorite egrep/perl/python to filter for whatever you want. I checked the a random torrent and found 25 people on it.
I agree on your comments on the distribution, but the average user has shockingly little entropy, and human password entropy doesn't scale with password length. I expect a decent chunk of the passwords are going to be whatever the user's default password was and either repeating or extending it in obvious ways. Even the simplest approach of testing 2 words or 3 words for a total 12-15 characters with the simple 3/E i/one and 7/L replacements would likely. Granted I'm not expecting the same 8 character 69-85% with 12 characters, but I also don't expect much significantly less, and I believe 33M accounts were stolen.
[0] https://blog.korelogic.com/blog/2016/05/19/linkedin_password... [1] https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/introduction-gpu-password-cr...
I'm amused that each password was reused on average 6.5 times.
I suspect large fraction of the pwned-passwords hashes could be turned into passwords with the rockyou2021 list.
I'm sure it may not be easy to find this database, but it is probably not that difficult if you hang out in the type of circles that the people who cracked that site hang out in.
> Math...
This strikes me as nitpicking when one can access such powerful computing devices as to make the difference practically irrelevant. So make it 10million and wait a few more minutes, who cares?
You are (incorrectly) conflating entropy of a password with its length.
> math doesn't care about what strikes you as nitpicking.
Math actually cares a lot about the nitpicky details. Both in the sense that small things can have big effects, but also in the sense that things which sound big can also be irrelavent.
Please Refer back to “If you take the most popular 1M passwords and attack the master password…”
Obviously you're not going to get a complete db of known hacks, but a db of most common X million passwords, updated every 6 months or so, is pretty good, and is what I would expect a good password manager to do.
LastPass is in the bad situation of needing to provide excellent security in a product that people really aren't willing to pay a lot of money for. Some of the websites that ask for passwords are in a better position to do this, but then you don't get the benefits of a password manager.
Same issue for the the other password managers out there.
Personally I use either VaultWardens random password generator, or some variation of the XKCD like 4-6 words out of 100,000 which give me somewhere north of 64-96 bits of entropy. Cracking that @ 300k/sec takes a quite long time. I like the XKCD approach, because it's particularly voice/phone friendly.
However much more common in the real world is to pick an easy to remember password with low entropy, something like PinkFloydRocks, which fail because of lack of a number and change it to P1nkFloydRocks. Or maybe PinkFloydRocks<2 digit birth year>.
Quite a few plaintext passwords have been leaked, some even with helpful popularity tables. I'd place bets that a decent percent of LastPass's vaults would fall to a top 10,000 12 character or longer popular passwords. I suspect someone is testing this right now.
More info at: https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2020/04/breaking-lastpass-instant...
"Zero Knowledge" should join "Full Self Driving" in the malicious marketing hall of fame.
That definitely cannot be true since they were storing URLs in vaults unencrypted. Seems like a class action lawsuit waiting to happen.
That's real bad - think blackmail material for important people.
EDIT: all three replies to this comment are about sex-shaming people via their email address, ip, home address. hardly pearl clutching. go to DefCon some day, you'll see how that information is basically for sale legally, let alone on the darkweb.
i don't have a horse in this race because i use my own password storage software but the amount of FUD in this thread is cray cray.
Think postal letter named and addressed, giving your email, and the adult (or other embarrassing) sites you were a member of listed on the letter, along with details of a bank account to make immediate payment to...
Also, you may be able to identify people working for certain high profile orgs (defence contractors, etc) and target them further if you can gleam from URLs they have access to internal systems by specific URL.
"It's already out there so we shouldn't bother preventing it from spreading further," is a terrible argument.
The ability to quickly find users who have an account in (list of embarrassing sites) intersected with (list of internal gov and mil sites, and large defence companies) is hugely powerful to some adversaries, and data leaks/dumps only give half of this equation.
A subset of users might have reused the breached password(s) for their lastpass master password.
Not sure if you could also feed the breached passwords into the brute force tool to give it a headstart, in case they did a slight variation on a breached password for the lastpass master password.
It would be really interesting to crawl through this data and filter out all the boring usual stuff, and see what else shakes out.
It's also somewhat helpful for spear-phishing or other social engineering. If you know which services a particular person is using, it's easier to fool them into giving up access to one or more of them.
[We might be wrong about the locked-vault but might have data scenario, but that kind of seems the only legit reason to store that stuff in the clear, so if that wasn't the reason, LP's negligence is even worse]
The vault leak is acceptable in terms of Lastpass’s formal threat model but could still result in real user pain e.g. targeted spear phishing using plaintext fields like URLs, or compromise for users with weak passwords.
Afaict They use pbkdf-sha256, with 100k rounds. which is not bad, but i think a memory hard function like argon2 would be much much better.
So its not terrible, but its not amazing either