In the policy brief, they're
- not investigating TNCs, by any reasonable definition, the two companies they target are publicly traded companies
- exclusively seeking to criticize ridesharing relative to public transit, or as-yet non-feasible means
- not framing things in any conceptual framework, ESG is not a conceptual framework it's a political viewpoint about role of government (in this case literally regulatory recommendations) masquerading as a conceptual framework
The structure is not investigative, it's persuasive. This is what market manipulation looks like.
CMU is situated in an extremely affluent district in Pittsburgh, and this type of behavior is to be expected. Totally beautiful place though, do recommend a visit if you have the time.
To repeat, outside the frame: places that didn't have a robust taxi system to begin with, internal operations and transformation capabilities of a tech company controlling taxi and traffic distribution.