The Russians have worked on this -- It was public more than 20 years ago. I would guess they (and the US too) have some capabilities to put commsats back up in an emergency with sub launch via modified SLBM.

https://archive.ph/0ayQv

Interesting article and story. I don't rightly recall ever hearing about this particular incident. I was 8; so I wonder if/when details were released to the public. You really wonder -- this would be a hugely dangerous incident and very embarrassing for the general public to find out about it, so you'd expect that the military would keep a lid on it, so to speak, for as long as possible. The cat was out of the bag by 1988, because a film was made about the incident, so it says.

It's hard to get precise velocity changes with a solid fuel rocket. So must orbital class rockets have a liquid fuel stage at the end. And most rockets don't use oxygen for a propellant, because that's cryogenic, and hard to keep liquid. So called storable propellants are frequently used, especially for military rockets. That said, the most launched rocket last year was a cryogenic fueled rocket.

US missiles are entirely solid fueled but they do not achieve orbit either. They spent short time exoatmospheric and then reenter, well, ballistically.