SEPA payments also support chargebacks. Gyms are notorious for making it easy to sign up and hard to cancel, so the other explanation is that people are upset with some of your gyms and disputing the subscription renewals.
Stripe customer support is beyond useless, so I totally get your frustration, but I would encourage you to get to the bottom of this and verify that that your "insufficient funds" theory is correct by calling the customers with the failed payments.