Why did you write it in quotes? Cork is their European HQ that employs more than 6000 people (and used to be a manufacturing facility before Apple outsourced manufacturing to Foxconn), not just some shell corporation that exists solely for one shady purpose.

Every country in the world sets its own taxation level for corporation tax and income tax. Ireland has lowish corporation tax 12.5%, soon to be 15%) and relatively high income tax, effectively ~%50 for high earners.

Even as a small company you can avail of that same corp tax rate.

Should the Irish government demand every other country raise income tax levels to make it "fair"?

If countries were serious about wanting corps to pay tax in their state, they would just raise VAT.

The rest is just smoke.

Up until 2020 supposedly, unless they found another way around it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Irish_arrangement

Why would they care? They're dodging EU taxes there, not Irish.