I'm not sure what Dijkstra would have thought the "goal" of computer science was, but in the lecture Abelson seemed to think it was about describing procedures and processes in a formal manner.
I know what Dijkstra was going for, but I do think the astronomy analogy, though while pithy in his usual attention grabbing style, is not accurate because telescopes practically define astronomy.
What you linked is what anyone wanting to think about this line of thinking more should watch. I almost feel I should watch those lectures once a year.
In Buddhism there is a school that is different from those which think mainly about pure and trying just be in n. Or all beings in n. It is all about existence and emptiness together. And not Or.
You can still think about computer algorithms without a way to realise it though. And astronomy without observation as well. But what is the point.