You can link apps in iOS too. You can do a simple test: open safari and type fb://feed and it will open the facebook app and go to your wall.
More: http://wiki.akosma.com/IPhone_URL_Schemes#Registering_your_o...
More: http://wiki.akosma.com/IPhone_URL_Schemes#Registering_your_o...
The reality is that it doesn't get used a whole lot. Browsers, Dropbox, and other apps of that nature tend to provide the data while miscellaneous apps consume it.
Any time you click a web link from an email, or a YouTube link from Safari you see this: the current app is backgrounded and there's no simple way for the two workflows to interact. This is a major difference between the two OS's and one advantage for Android, imo.