Why not use sms? No need to install apps.
My parents use that. I use that.
My parents use that. I use that.
And years before that sms was cheaper than data.
Also sms is cheaper when roaming in Europe (in my case it has zero cost besides the monthly subscription price).
Sure IM are etter if you need group chat or communication abroad. But that is not the case for majority of population where 1 to 1 communication is used inside a single country.