The USA is a nation built by explorers that colonized frontier after frontier, and the space race is a legendary two decades where they explored the final one, pulled ahead of the USSR "not because it was easy but because it was hard", planted a flag in the Moon beating their nemesis in the process, and overall reaffirmed in their ethos this mythical American exceptionalism that's so often talked about. I think space still carries this mysticism to it in the USA; there's a lot of badass jobs out there, but none quite as badass as being an astronaut. There's a lot of hard jobs that require incredible planning and precision out there, but none quite like rocket science. There's a lot of science and engineering agencies, but none quite like NASA. All these have "cool" and/or "hero" status to them in the USA psyche.
Hollywood has certainly spread this sort of sentiment around the world (especially the "Westen" world), but I wonder how true this is in China. I will say though, there's a lot of jobs that don't awaken strong passions that are still done very well in the USA, so I can only imagine, even if they're not jumping up in elation, it'd still be possible for the Chinese to be at least competitive with the USA on matters of space. As an aside, I also wonder what makes Chinese people feel that pride, celebrate that brotherhood and passion, and if they perhaps thinks it's weird that the USA doesn't feeling the same way about whatever that is.
first, some "out of the box thinking" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZyJdxzjGN4