To MITM you need to be on the way of the traffic, or manipulate the DNS. None is obvious.
To MITM you need to be on the way of the traffic, or manipulate the DNS. None is obvious.
The most obvious and profitable use case were those ISPs who returned 404 pages riddled with advertisements for domains that were unregistered (e.g. if you mistyped a URL)
Certain ISPs even injected JavaScript into every page.
“I” in the OP’s comment probably means “government” or “ISP” rather than a friendly roommate on the same wifi network.
This never existed in France. That would have been completely illegal.
https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/foci11/tech/final_files/...
France isn’t listed, but Germany, Netherlands, United States (obviously) are. This was a thing that used to commonly happen before TLS became standard.
These are always the same tricks that work in a lab, but then when it comes to do an actual MITM on a web site - there are no solutions.
If my web site is www.example.com, you would need to get very close to the site (network topologically speaking) and insert yourself in the traffic. This is in practice undoable, except if you hack the local network where the web server lives (specifically some equipment) or the server itself.
Or hack the DNS server.
None of these are remotely easy with basic security in place.