So, I would think when the moon moves away from the earth, its total energy increases. Thus, the earth's energy decreases (in the form of slightly reduced rotational kinetic energy)
mv^2/r = GMm/r^2.
—> mv^2/2 = 0.5 GMm/r
—> Kinetic plus potential = - 0.5 GMm/r
This goes up with r.
But once the lunar month = earth day the transfer will stop and the moon will slowly approach earth again, until it hits the roche limit and becomes a ring.
Think of the moon being in free fall, without any external forces acting on it. It would be moving at a constant velocity in a straight line, except the space and time it is in is curved due to gravity. Because of that curved spacetime, the moon appears to accelerate relative to the Earth. It's not actually accelerating, though; it is moving in a straight line at a constant velocity, the straight line just happens to be curved completely around the Earth.
The tidal forces are literal forces, and forces cause acceleration. So, the moon isn't quite moving at constant velocity. The change in velocity means the moon isn't quite travelling in a straight line through spacetime. The orbit changes, and in this case gets higher and slower relative to the Earth.
Another way to think about it. If you're in a space ship at a point X1 in an orbit, you can steer the nose of the ship in the direction you're moving relative to the Earth, and fire your rocket engine. You're now going faster. The opposite end of your orbit, point Y1, will now be higher in altitude than it would have otherwise been. Your relative speed at Y1 will indeed be slower than where you would have been had you not fired your engine, but when you circle back to X1 again your speed will still be higher. When you get to Y1 again, you could fire your engine a second time and increase your speed even more. You'll no longer end up back at X1, but a new point X2 at a higher altitude than X1 was. Your relative velocity at X2 will be lower than it was at X1.
In space, "speed" isn't really velocity, but acceleration. Big rocket engines make you go fast! In The Martian, the main character makes a comment to that effect when he talks about NASA convincing him to strap himself into a hodge podge death rocket, by claiming he'll be the "fastest" astronaut in history.
In a future where humans practically travel to a distant star, a "fast enough" space ship would be one that can maintain constant non-trivial acceleration for many decades. You would accelerate to the halfway point, then turn around and decelerate the rest of the way. Assuming you got fast enough relative to the destination, weird relativistic effects would become obviously apparent and the travellers would perceive space and time compressing.
I don't know offhand whether that would happen before the Moon drifts too far away to remain in Earth's orbit, however.
The moon cannot orbit at a higher speed while keeping the same semi-major axis (average distance to the orbital centre of mass).
If you suddenly doubled the orbital speed of the moon right now, the apoapsis (the highest point in its orbit relative to the orbital centre of mass) would increase significantly.
If you slowly accelerate the moon in the direction of its orbital velocity consistently over a long time period, the moon will slow down relative to the Earth, but it's semi major axis will increase.
Actual scientists of HN: have at me.
Knowing what I know about that game I read this as: Warning; I actually know what I'm talking about here.
“Will the Moon ever leave the Earth’s orbit?” => https://youtu.be/IM_euz9PUiw
This is called tidal locking, and if the universe consisted of only the Earth and moon, this would in fact happen. However, the big heavy Sun also affects both the Earth and moon's rotations.
So why do I say that it has happened? Because the moon, having significantly less mass than the Earth, is almost tidally locked to the Earth. That's why we always see the same side of the moon. So the Earth's rotation hasn't synchronized with the moon's revolution, but the moon's rotation has nearly synchronized with the Earth's revolution (actually both the Earth and moon revolve around their common barycenter).