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> what they do and why they are necessary should be explained to the user.

i.e. you need to add a popup or a banner

You don't need a popup for that. I just explain my cookie use in my privacy policy and never used a banner/popup

No, a popup or banner would be for requiring consent. A non-consent explanation can be in the privacy policy, or on a dedicated page that is linked in the page's footer or something.

Also, "should" be explained; I don't believe it's a violation of the law to not do so.

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