Plus there's a non-zero chance that the chain of command refuses to carry out the order and undermines all internal authority that Putin has.
Plus there's a non-zero chance that the chain of command refuses to carry out the order and undermines all internal authority that Putin has.
I think the risk is that those around Putin (regime), and Putin himself to an extent, believe that a world without Russia is not worth having. And to the regime, Putin is Russia and Russia is Putin. The question is, if there is a 100% chance that should he lose this conflict that his regime will collapse and a 99% chance that Russia could survive a nuclear war on equal footing with the west which will he choose?
Even a full scale nuclear war will not end the world, many millions, likely billions will survive. It will just be nothing like the world before.
And not only that eroding the threat of MAD makes the world a far dangerous place because it makes a first strike more likely.
That said even if the conflict goes nuclear there are different levels of escalation a targeted nuclear attack on say a military target would likely trigger a proportional response even if it’s a nuclear one.
And outside of NATO the US would very likely respond with a retaliatory nuclear strike against a nuclear strike on its forces where ever they might be.
Responding with a full on nuclear assault because someone first strikes with a Nuke that's smaller then those used in WWII doesn't make sense. You can probably do more damage with chemical, biological, or cyber warfare then a nuke like that (unless targeted at a dense population center).
If Russia thinks it can use nukes without a nuclear response they’ll use them, this is literally the entire concept of MAD and any erosion of it brings us closer to a nuclear war.
Additionally older and older equipment is being seen on the frontline every month we are already seeing armoured units in Kherson that have mostly T62s instead of the usual T72z