It's not the exchange rates, it's the tax rates. About half of the price is a combination of various taxes.

In Turkey, after the 1999 Earthquake disaster they introduced "luxury consumption tax" or ÖTV on pretty much everything that is not essential goods, which is compounding with VAT(you first add the ÖTV, then you add VAT to the total amount).

To enforce the sky high tax on stuff like mobile phones, carriers are required to register every single IMEI with the government(the pretext was that they are doing it against terrorist who might use phones to do nasty things). So, if you buy a phone from abroad you can use it for 3 months(was extended to 1 year during the pandemic) and then carriers block your phone until you personally register your IMEI with the government. The registration fee is absurd(200$ at the last update) and you can do it once every 2 years and the phone can be used only with the number you registered with.

Also, Apple(which has multiple Apple Store's in Turkey) is prohibited to provide repairs to phones bought from abroad.

Exchange rate jumps very quickly. Apple does not like to update it often. So they project the expected value for next few months. Most likely they take the rate somewhere between 20-21TL. Last year today 1$=8.47TL now 1$=18.24TL. We try to buy things when the rate goes up but price is not updated yet. You can “save” 20-30% if lucky.

Import taxes is also much higher.

Because of the ongoing inflation of the Turkish Lira, there's a huge margin added to imported products

Taxes and more taxes. Those who want to buy iPhone 14 Pro (128 GB) for 39 thousand 999 TL have to pay about 17 thousand 902 TL tax.