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I was curious about this too. In my experience the real obstacle behind true p2p is everyone is behind a router or firewall these days with shared ip. Most also prevent hole punching through port randomization.

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Tailscale comes up here a lot recently, and their article on how they do p2p over routers and firewalls (NAT traversal) is superb: https://tailscale.com/blog/how-nat-traversal-works/

Unfortunately it doesn't include statistics on how successful the strategies are in practice.

Yes, not many people measured NAT boxes at scale. "UDP NAT and Firewall Puncturing in the Wild" [1] this scientific article from our lab might be helpful. We also have UDP puncturing also working in a 3G or wifi setting with Android-to-Android mode, see "Kotlin-IPv8" link in here: https://github.com/Tribler/trustchain-superapp

[1] https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01597969/document

Thanks for the link

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