They look very clearly different to me, but the difference isn't big. I made a gif of the starry night images: https://p.mort.coffee/jR5.gif
To me, one of the images clearly has a yellow color where the other image has a green-ish color.
To me, one of the images clearly has a yellow color where the other image has a green-ish color.
And I watched the gif prior to reading your description of the difference - I experience this strange phenomenon sometimes whereby the colour of something (or the presence of different colours) morphs in front of my eyes, after someone describes it or claims that it's there. (Red and green bars on a chart for example might all be the same, then someone says 'blah blah in the second red bar' and all of a sudden I can distinguish them, see the red or green that wasn't there before. Or a bridge in London that suddenly looked green when I was told it was called Green Bridge.) I wish it was easier to learn more about it, because I find that kind of fascinating (and mildly 'scary'!) - must surely mean it's not just about the eyes, but my brain is smoothing over some rough edges as though small red/green differences are assumed to be wrong, but if someone confirms them then the parameters are altered.
I haven’t ever experienced the reperception-by-suggestion phenomenon that you describe. But I do think that, when I was young, I gradually became a bit better at distinguishing and remembering colors than I had been as a child, perhaps because having been told that I was color-blind made me pay more attention to colors. “Purple” was a mystery to me when I was ten; by the age of twenty, I could usually distinguish it from blue.
Your description of how you see colors morphing once they're described is interesting! The brain definitely does a whole lot of complex visual processing which we don't notice, such as filtering out the big hole in your retina which nerves go through, and retroactively replacing the memory of your eyes moving with what you see after they've moved. And your peripheral vision is almost entirely grayscale, yet the brain fills in the colors it expects to be there so it doesn't feel grayscale. It doesn't surprise me that when color information is missing due to color blindness, it will fill in the missing color information from other sources.
Those do appear to be literally identical to my eyes as well. I made a similar gif of those: https://p.mort.coffee/UIt.gif -- I can only see the noise shifting around a little bit. And GIMP agrees; the RGB histogram looks incredibly similar between the two images (https://p.mort.coffee/tn8.png vs https://p.mort.coffee/t3z.png).