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It's still comes down to a matter of urgency or value perception.

You don't want your doctor to overlook any problems just because they are rare because your health is really valuable.

With the example of the doctor you run into the nocebo effect - you can spend a lot of time tracking down things that turn out to be of very low value which ends up causing more harm than good. To painfully extend the metaphor you could have an overly aggressive password policy and end up having users reusing passwords or writing them down.

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